Study design of a phase 4, real-world study (COMPOSUR) to evaluate vibegron in patients with overactive bladder.

BACKGROUND: Overactive bladder (OAB) is defined as urinary urgency accompanied by frequency and nocturia, with or without urge urinary incontinence (UUI). Vibegron, a selective ß3-adrenergic receptor agonist approved in the US in December 2020, demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptoms of OAB and was safe and well tolerated in the 12-week EMPOWUR trial and its 40-week, double-blind extension trial. The goal of the COMPOSUR study is to evaluate vibegron in a real-world setting to assess patient treatment satisfaction, tolerability, safety, duration of treatment, and persistence. METHODS: This is a 12-month, prospective, observational, real-world study, with an optional 12-month extension to 24 months, in the US assessing adults ≥ 18 years old starting a new course of vibegron. Patients must be previously diagnosed with OAB with or without UUI, symptomatic for ≥ 3 months before enrollment, and receive prior treatment with an anticholinergic, with mirabegron, or with a combination of an anticholinergic and mirabegron. Enrollment is performed by the investigator following exclusion and inclusion criteria guided by US product labeling, reinforcing a real-world approach. Patients complete the OAB Satisfaction with Treatment Questionnaire (OAB-SAT-q) monthly and the OAB Questionnaire short form (OAB-q-SF) and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI:US) at baseline and monthly for 12 months. Patients are followed up via phone call, in-person visits, or telehealth (ie, virtual) visits. The primary endpoint is patient treatment satisfaction as determined by the OAB-SAT-q satisfaction domain score. Secondary endpoints include percent positive responses to individual OAB-SAT-q questions, additional OAB-SAT-q domain scores, and safety. Exploratory endpoints include adherence and persistence. DISCUSSION: OAB leads to a significant decrease in quality of life, as well as impairment of work activities and productivity. Persistence with OAB treatments can be challenging, often due to lack of efficacy and adverse effects. COMPOSUR is the first study to provide long-term, prospective, pragmatic treatment data for vibegron in the US and the resultant effect on quality of life among patients with OAB in a real-world clinical setting. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05067478; registered: October 5, 2021.

Flash glucose monitoring in young people with type 1 diabetes-a qualitative study of young people, parents and health professionals: 'It makes life much easier'.

OBJECTIVES: Flash glucose monitoring for patients with T1 diabetes avoids frequent painful finger-prick testing, thus potentially improving frequency of glucose self-monitoring. Our study aimed to explore experiences of young people using Freestyle Libre sensors and their parents, and to identify benefits and challenges to National Health Service (NHS) staff of its adoption in their care provision. PARTICIPANTS: Young people with T1 diabetes, their parents and healthcare professionals were interviewed between February and December 2021. Participants were recruited via social media and through NHS diabetes clinic staff. DESIGN: Semistructured interviews were conducted online and analysed using thematic methods. Staff themes were mapped onto normalisation process theory (NPT) constructs. RESULTS: Thirty-four participants were interviewed: 10 young people, 14 parents and 10 healthcare professionals. Young people reported that life was much easier since changing to flash glucose monitoring, increasing confidence and independence to manage their condition. Parents' quality of life improved and they appreciated access to real-time data. Using the NPT concepts to understand how technology was integrated into routine care proved useful; health professionals were very enthusiastic about flash glucose monitoring and coped with the extra data load to facilitate more tailored patient support within and between clinic visits. CONCLUSION: This technology empowers young people and their parents to understand their diabetes adherence more completely; to feel more confident about adjusting their own care between clinic appointments; and provides an improved interactive experience in clinic. Healthcare teams appear committed to delivering improving technologies, acknowledging the challenge for them to assimilate new information required to provide expert advice.

Consumer preferences for telehealth in Australia: A discrete choice experiment.

This study aims to elicit consumer preferences regarding telehealth and face-to-face consultations in Australia. It used a discrete choice experiment, presenting participants with a series of hypothetical choices, and based on their responses, infer what is most important to them. Data were analysed using conditional logit regression and latent class analysis. A total of 1,025 participants completed the survey, considering four different clinical scenarios. Face-to-face contacts were, on average, preferred to either telephone or video services. However, telehealth was identified as an attractive option if it prevents significant travel and can be conducted with a familiar doctor. Participants were strongly driven by cost, particularly greater than $30. Telehealth was least preferred for situations involving a new and unknown physical symptom, and relatively more preferred for surgical follow-up. The latent class analysis demonstrates only 15.9% of participants appeared unwilling to consider telehealth. The findings of this study suggest that meeting the needs of the Australian population requires a blended approach to service delivery, with telehealth being valued in a range of clinical scenarios. Price sensitivity was evident, therefore if telehealth services can be delivered with lower patient cost, then they are likely to be attractive.

Videoconferencing-delivered psychological intervention for the treatment of COVID-19 related psychological distress in University students: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in India.

BACKGROUND: The mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been profound. This paper outlines the study protocol for a trial that tests the efficacy of a brief group-based psychological intervention (Coping with COVID; CWC), relative to Supportive Counselling, to reduce distress associated with COVID-19 in a young adult population in Bangalore, India. METHODS: A single-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial will be carried out via video conferencing in a small group format. Following informed consent, adults that screen positive for levels of psychological distress (Kessler 10 (K-10 score ≥ 20) and have access to a videoconferencing platform will be randomised to an adapted version of CWC (n = 90) or Supportive Counselling (SC) (n = 90). The primary outcome will be reduction in psychological distress including anxiety and depression at 2-months post treatment. Secondary outcomes include worry, positive wellbeing, and stress in relation to COVID-19. DISCUSSION: This treatment trial will assess whether CWC will result in reduced distress relative to Supportive Counselling in a young adult population in Bangalore, India. This study will yield important insights into the role of nonspecific factors versus the intervention's components in impacting COVID-19 related distress. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001064897). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval has been obtained from the participating institution, CHRIST University in Bangalore. Results of the trial will be submitted for publication in peer reviewed journals and findings presented at scientific conferences and to key service providers and policy makers.

Central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Background: Significant increases in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) including central-line associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acute-care hospitals have faced staffing and personal protective equipment shortages, increased critical care capacity, and diversion of resources from traditional HAI surveillance and prevention efforts. In this study, we characterized CLABSIs among patients with COVID-19 and compared demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes between patients diagnosed with CLABSI with and without COVID-19. Methods: This is an observational retrospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with CLABSI as defined by NHSN at William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital from April 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021. A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes of hospitalized patients diagnosed with CLABSI. Patients hospitalized with and without COVID-19 were compared using the independent-sample t test for means and the χ2 test for proportions. Results: Overall, 82 patients diagnosed with CLABSI between April 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021, among whom 31 (38%) were hospitalized with COVID-19 and 51 (62%) were not hospitalized with COVID-19. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were significantly more likely to be obese (58% for COVID-19 positive vs 26% for COVID-19 negative;P = .01) and to require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (19% vs 4%;P = .04). However, COVID-19 patients were significantly less likely to have hematologic malignancy (7% vs 28%;P = .03), undergone bone marrow transplantation (0% vs 18%;P = .01), or have neutropenia (3% vs 22%;P = .03). There were no significant differences in line type or organism identified. Gram-positive pathogens were identified in 16 patients (52%) hospitalized with COVID-19. Gram-negative pathogens were identified in 3 patients (10%);fungal organisms were identified in 10 patients (32%), and 2 cases (7%) were polymicrobial. Patients with COVID-19 were significantly more likely to require an ICU stay (84% vs 43%). p Conclusions: High device utilization as well as prolonged hospitalization and line days among patients with COVID-19 along are contributing risk factors for CLABSI among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. This finding highlights the need for ongoing HAI surveillance and prevention efforts in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 given their characteristics and increased risk for CLABSI. Reinforcing infection prevention efforts by accentuating the importance of optimal line care and regular feedback are crucial, especially among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Multiple health-related behaviours among Fly-In Fly-Out workers in the mining industry in Australia: A cross-sectional survey during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Fly-In-Fly-Out (FIFO) workers travel to work at isolated locations, and rotate continuous workdays with leave periods at home, and such work practice is common in the offshore oil and gas and onshore mining industry worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying public health actions appear to have had a negative impact on several health-related behaviours among the general population. However, little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health behaviours of FIFO workers, who have shown higher pre-pandemic rates of risky behaviours than the general population in Australia. This study examined the health-related behaviours of FIFO workers in the mining industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. FIFO workers from an Australian mining company who underwent COVID-19 screening between May and November 2020 completed an online survey about their regular health-related behaviours. The independent sample t-test and Pearson's chi-square test where appropriate were conducted to examine the differences between males and females for the behavioural outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 768 FIFO workers (633 males and 135 females) participated in the study. Prevalence of smoking was high (32%). Males smoked more cigarettes per day than females (15.2±7.0 vs 13.1±7.1, p = .174). Most participants (74.7%) drank alcohol on more than two days per week. Compared to females, more males (20.2% vs 8.0%) consumed alcohol at short-term harmful levels (p = .010). About a third (34.4%) of the workers (33.5% of males and 38.5% of females, p = .264) engaged in inadequate moderate-vigorous exercises/physical activity. About a third (33.1%) of workers (33.7% of males and 30.4% of females; p = .699) had multiple risk behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of multiple risk behaviours was high. Interventions aimed at the prevention of risky health-related behaviours should target the different behavioural patterns and may require emphasis on gender-informed techniques particularly when addressing alcohol consumption.

Provider Perspectives on the Current Use of Lithium Medications and Lithium Monitoring Practices for Psychiatric Conditions.

Purpose: Despite lithium being a gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder, the percentage of patients with bipolar disorder who are prescribed lithium medication has declined in many parts of the world over the past two decades. The use of lithium is limited by its narrow therapeutic window and adverse side effects, which necessitates frequent serum lithium monitoring; hence, there is a critical need for improved ways to monitor lithium levels in psychiatric patients. We have recently shown that saliva lithium levels are highly correlated with those in blood, thereby presenting an alternative to venipuncture. Saliva sampling could open the door for at-home collections - potential that has been exemplified throughout the COVID-19 pandemic - thereby allowing samples to be collected remotely and delivered to a specific site for testing. In addition, prototype point-of-care devices have been developed by others for serum lithium monitoring, suggesting potential for a saliva lithium monitoring device. Our objective was to query the perspectives of American psychiatrists on lithium treatment practices and obstacles, the potential for at-home saliva collection and point-of-care devices, for lithium monitoring, as an alternative to pathology-based blood testing. Methods: Data was collected through an online, anonymous survey, distributed to American psychiatric societies. Results: Sixty-five respondents from 21 American states completed the survey. The majority of respondents were female, over 65 years of age, and/or had practiced for 30 years or more. The most frequent obstacles encountered with regard to lithium monitoring were adverse drug effects, and the need for monitoring. Overall, respondents believed saliva lithium monitoring and point-of-care devices would be useful, however raised concerns regarding validity and time-delay. Conclusion: Point-of-care devices and saliva lithium monitoring are promising alternatives to blood testing that would be welcomed by psychiatric societies, however, require extensive development and validation before implementation into a clinical setting.

Educational attainment and willingness to use technology for health and to share health information - The reimagining healthcare survey.

BACKGROUND: Australia has seen a rapid uptake of virtual care since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to describe the willingness of consumers to use digital technology for health and to share their health information; and explore differences by educational attainment and area of remoteness. METHODS: We conducted an online survey on consumer preferences for virtual modes of healthcare delivery between June and September 2021. Participants were recruited through the study's partner organisations and an online market research company. Australian residents aged ≥18 years who provided study consent and completed the survey were included in the analysis. We reported the weighted percentages of participants who selected negative response to the questions to understand the size of the population that were unlikely to adopt virtual care. Age-adjusted Poisson regression models were used to estimate the prevalence ratios for selecting negative response associated with education and remoteness. RESULTS: Of the 1778 participants included, 29% were not aware of digital technologies for monitoring/supporting health, 22% did not have access to technologies to support their health, and 19% were not willing to use technologies for health. Over a fifth of participants (range: 21-34%) were not at all willing to use seven of the 15 proposed alternative methods of care. Between 21% and 36% of participants were not at all willing to share de-identified health information tracked in apps/devices with various not-for-profit organisations compared to 47% with private/for-profit health businesses. Higher proportions of participants selected negative response to the questions in the lower educational attainment groups than those with bachelor's degree or above. No difference was observed between area of remoteness. CONCLUSIONS: Improving the digital health literacy of people, especially those with lower educational attainment, will be required for virtual care to become an equitable part of normal healthcare delivery in Australia.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene and Nutritional Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Illness in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: REDUCE Prospective Cohort Study.

The objective of this cohort study was to examine the prevalence of acute respiratory illness among children under 5 years of age and to identify water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and nutritional risk factors. This prospective cohort study was conducted in Walungu Territory, South Kivu, and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and enrolled 512 participants. Spot checks of the household environment were conducted at baseline. Baseline minimum dietary diversity (MDD) was defined by consumption of five or more of the following food groups: 1) breast milk; 2) grains, roots, and tubers; 3) legumes and nuts; 4) dairy products; 5) flesh foods; 6) eggs; 7) vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables; and 8) other fruits and vegetables. Acute respiratory illness was defined as caregiver reported rapid breathing, difficulty breathing, lower chest wall in drawing, or coughing in the previous 2 weeks obtained at a 6-month follow-up based on the use of this definition in previous studies in Bangladesh and Kenya. A total of 58% of children had acute respiratory illness, 19% had soap present in the cooking area, and 4% in the defecation area, and 21% of children met MDD. A decreased odds of acute respiratory illness was associated with soap being present in the cooking area (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.88) and MDD (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.38-1.00). These findings highlight the need for interventions targeting hygiene and improved dietary diversity among rural DRC households to reduce the rate of respiratory illnesses in children under 5 years.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight loss in participants in a behavioral weight-loss intervention.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight loss, physical activity, and sleep in adults with overweight or obesity participating in a 39-week weight-loss intervention. METHODS: Participants (n = 81, 85% female, mean [SD] age 38.0 [7.8] years, BMI 34.1 [5.7] kg/m2 ) were enrolled in 3 separate cohorts. Cohorts 1 and 2 were studied prior to the pandemic (pre-COVID cohorts). Cohort 3 (COVID cohort) transitioned to a virtual intervention at week 6, when "stay-at-home" orders were implemented in Colorado. Weight was assessed at baseline, week 12, and week 39 with clinic scales before the pandemic and home scales during the pandemic. Diet was assessed with Likert scales at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Physical activity and sleep were assessed at baseline and week 12 with actigraphy. RESULTS: Participants in the COVID cohort reported greater dietary adherence (p = 0.004) and lost more weight than those in the pre-COVID cohorts at week 12 (-7.7 [3.3] kg vs. -3.7 [3.0] kg, p < 0.001) and week 39 (-8.5 [4.4] kg vs. -2.8 [4.6] kg, p < 0.001). Energy intake did not differ between cohorts (p = 0.51). The COVID cohort increased both sedentary time while awake and time in bed at night. CONCLUSIONS: Although the pandemic caused disruptions for the COVID cohort, participants still achieved weight loss with continued behavioral support.

Evaluation of Continuous Inhaled Epoprostenol in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Including Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) management is primarily supportive. Pulmonary vasodilators, such as inhaled epoprostenol (iEPO), have been shown to improve PaO2:FiO2 (PF) and are used as adjunctive therapy. OBJECTIVE: To identify the positive response rate and variables associated with response to iEPO in adults with ARDS. A positive response to iEPO was defined as a 10% improvement in PF within 6 hours. METHODS: This retrospective study included adults with ARDS treated with iEPO. The primary endpoint was the variables associated with a positive response to iEPO. Secondary endpoints were positive response rate and the change in PF and SpO2:FiO2 within 6 hours. Statistical analysis included multivariable regression. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-one patients were included. As baseline PF increased, the odds of responding to iEPO decreased (odds ratio [OR], 0.752, 95% CI, 0.69-0.819, p < 0.001). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related ARDS (OR 0.478, 95% CI, 0.281-0.814, p = 0.007) was associated with decreased odds of a positive response to iEPO. The total population had a 68.3% positive response rate to iEPO. SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS and non-SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS had a 59.5% and 72.7% positive response rate, respectively. iEPO significantly improved PF (71 vs 95, P < 0.001) in the whole population. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: iEPO was associated with a positive effect in a majority of moderate-to-severe ARDS patients, including patients with SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS. Lower baseline PF and non-SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS were significantly associated with a positive response to iEPO. The ability to predict which patients will respond to iEPO can facilitate better utilization.

Angiotensin II in Patients With Shock on Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Single-Center Retrospective Case Series.

OBJECTIVES: To describe angiotensin II (ANGII) use in patients on mechanical circulatory support (MCS). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ANGII in patients with shock on MCS. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A single-center, quaternary care academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: The study comprised critically ill patients on MCS. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fourteen patients were included in this retrospective analysis. The median age was 54 years (44.8, 68.3) and 78.6% were men. Six patients were receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, 4 patients were receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, and 4 patients were on left ventricular assist devices. Five patients (36%) achieved hemodynamic response to ANGII at 3 hours, defined as a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of ≥65 mmHg or a 10-mmHg increase in MAP with a decrease or no change in total vasopressor dose. Overall, the median MAP increased from 61 mmHg (51, 73) at baseline to 66 mmHg (58, 71) at 3 hours, and the median norepinephrine dose decreased from 0.45 µg/kg/min (0.28, 0.6) at baseline to 0.2 µg/kg/min (0.18, 0.32) at 3 hours. The in-hospital mortality rate was 78.6%. Two patients experienced severe adverse drug events and 1 patient had a sentinel thrombotic event. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that ANGII may provide a salvage treatment option in patients on MCS with refractory vasodilatory shock. There are several safety considerations with the use of ANGII in these patients. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ANGII in patients on MCS.

Mental Well-Being during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Fly-In Fly-Out Workers in the Mining Industry in Australia.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has devastated the world, and its mental health impact has been recognized in the general population. However, little is known about the mental health impact of COVID-19 on fly-in fly-out (FIFO) workers, who are flown to temporarily stay and work in remote areas, during this pandemic. This study examined the mental well-being of FIFO workers in the mining industry during COVID-19 restrictions in Western Australia. An online survey was conducted between May to November 2020 among (N = 842) FIFO workers who underwent COVID-19 screening at a large mining company in Western Australia. The mental well-being score among workers was higher than population norms. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests showed significant differences in mental well-being by age, being placed under travel quarantine, undertaking self-isolation, impact of social distance guidelines, and experience of COVID-19 related symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis showed workers who were younger, placed under travel quarantine and experienced two or more COVID-19 related symptoms were more likely to have worse mental well-being. Acknowledging the negative emotions and distress experiences among the vulnerable groups could help in providing suitable support to help lessen these negative experiences in FIFO workers.

Improving lifestyle obesity treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: New challenges for weight management.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to daily life and many health-related behaviors. The objective of this study was to examine how the stay-at-home/safer-at-home mandates issued in Colorado (March 2020-May 2020) impacted lifestyle behaviors and mental health among individuals with overweight or obesity participating in two separate behavioral weight loss trials (n = 82). Methods: Questionnaires were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data on challenges to weight loss presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, including changes in dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and mental health during the stay-at-home/safer-at-home mandates. Results: Using a convergent mixed method approach integrating qualitative and quantitative data, the greatest challenge experienced by participants was increased stress and anxiety, which led to more unhealthy behaviors. The majority perceived it to be harder to adhere to the prescribed diet (81%) and recommended physical activity (68%); however, self-reported exercise on weekdays increased significantly and 92% of participants lost weight or maintained weight within ±1% 5-6 weeks following the stay-at-home mandate. Conclusion: Study results suggest that obesity treatment programs should consider and attempt to address the burden of stress and anxiety stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic and other sources due to the negative effects they can have on weight management and associated behaviors.

Coping styles and mental health in response to societal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial responses to infectious disease outbreaks have the potential to inflict acute and longstanding mental health consequences. Early research across the globe has found wide ranging psychological responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding how different coping styles can be effective in mitigating mental ill health would enable better tailored psychological support. AIMS: The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of psychosocial responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, including depression, anxiety and distress, as well as effective coping styles in an Australian sample. METHOD: A sample of 1,495 adults, residing in Australia between April 3rd and May 3rd 2020, completed an online survey which measured psychological distress (Impact of Events Scale-Revised), depression, anxiety, stress (DASS-21), as well as coping strategies (Brief COPE). RESULTS: 47% of the respondents were experiencing some degree of psychological distress. Females experienced higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress than males. Coping strategies associated with better mental health were positive reframing, acceptance and humour. Conversely, self-blame, venting, behavioural disengagement and self-distraction were associated with poorer mental health. CONCLUSION: Rates of psychological symptoms amongst the Australian population are similar to those reported in other countries. Findings add to the growing literature demonstrating a gender disparity in the mental health impacts of COVID-19. Positive emotion focused coping strategies may be effective for reducing psychological symptoms. Understanding psychosocial responses including beneficial coping strategies are crucial to manage the current COVID-19 situation optimally, as well as to develop mental health response plans for future pandemics.

Coronavirus disease-19 and fertility: viral host entry protein expression in male and female reproductive tissues.

OBJECTIVE: To identify cell types in the male and female reproductive systems at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection because of the expression of host genes and proteins used by the virus for cell entry. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data. SETTING: Academic research department and clinical diagnostic laboratory. PATIENT(S): Not applicable (focus was on previously generated gene and protein expression data). INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Identification of cell types coexpressing the key angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) genes and proteins as well as other candidates potentially involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. RESULT(S): On the basis of single-cell RNA sequencing data, coexpression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was not detected in testicular cells, including sperm. A subpopulation of oocytes in nonhuman primate ovarian tissue was found to express ACE2 and TMPRSS2, but coexpression was not observed in ovarian somatic cells. RNA expression of TMPRSS2 in 18 samples of human cumulus cells was shown to be low or absent. There was general agreement between publicly available bulk RNA and protein datasets in terms of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression patterns in testis, ovary, endometrial, and placental cells. CONCLUSION(S): These analyses suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection is unlikely to have long-term effects on male and female reproductive function. Although the results cannot be considered definitive, they imply that procedures in which oocytes are collected and fertilized in vitro are associated with very little risk of viral transmission from gametes to embryos and may indeed have the potential to minimize exposure of susceptible reproductive cell types to infection in comparison with natural conception.